futureofthebook.com

persistence of ephemera

Nicholas Carr positions screen books and audio books among the accessories of print. He also makes note of the genre confines of screen books associating them with kinds of disposable book reading. Disposability, as such, crosses into mobility, as such.

Ephemera are mobile. Ephemera continually pop-up in the long history of media where they cross wide vagabonds of place. What they don’t cross easily is time and ebooks do display a time transience once read.

As connectivity becomes ever more mobile the ebook functionality should be more alluring for readers. However, the more pervasive connectivity propagates many reading and viewing opportunities other than books. Here we find book like responses such as Amazon Singles or blog expositions but the tablet world, literary and commercial, is wide and less book like.

epigenetic change

Epigenetic evolution through cultural initiative occurs faster than biological evolution. The exponential rates of change are similar, from longer initial periods to shorter but epigenetic rates take over where bionic leave off. For example 1,000,000 years ago we experienced the advent of a gesture based linguistic, 100,000 ya = spoken linguistic, 10,000 ya = encoded (i.e. alphabetic) linguistic, 1,000 ya = encoded recorded to book mechanism, 100 ya = recorded book transmitted electronically, and 10 years ago we had the advent of electronic book touch navigated. This is a nice exponential sequence, but we better get ready quickly for changes to come.

In terms of the book transmission future Katherine Hayles suggests Comparative Media Studies as a basis for research and teaching going forward. She remarks that CMS will recognize and connect print reading with screen reading and these with machine reading. This shift will require nimble research design in the digital humanities and a quick curricular response.

As Hayles reviews responses to epigenetic evolution of book transmission she notes advancing sub-programs in the digital humanities. These include those at University of California Santa Barbara, Yale and Duke. I have observed others at MIT, RIT and Toronto. As with the trend from library to informatics studies, the redesign of communication studies is also underway generally.

the deal

Here is the deal… as with dancing or singing…craft work trains the body to adapt to patterns. The connections between pattern recognition and meaning, as explained by Hayles, are at work in reading. With a bit of cognitive under-writing we could take the assumption and test it while leveraging programs in book craft and art. We could do the book craft and book art component of comparative media studies.

Take the simple suggestion that Thoreau composed Walden while walking. Pacing between Concord and the cabin he entertained contrasts between town and woods by pacing between them. This is a fair metaphor of the body kinetic and extra-soma concept interdependence. It is also a nifty design incentive for a work of book art/craft.

There is distress over humanist assimilation of digital information and use of tools of machine reading and pattern recognition in wide media. This derives from a suspicion that the humanists cannot just think their way through the digital transitions. The metaphor used is a need for “making” and “problem based” projects rather than interpretive “word processing”.

We could contribute here if we can show a continuing role of book craft and book art as a pacing feature of the digital humanist agenda. According to Hayles there is a good chance that all humanist departments can have a role if they start to direct digital humanities.

mla

“How Many Copies Is Enough?” discussed the trends to shared repositories of monographic collections. The moderator was Deanna Marcum of the ITHAKA S+R. Somewhat opposing views of researchers and administrators were on view here. The slide down the slippery slope from serials to monographic repositories was not questioned but the session was ready to consider unintended consequences. As in the manuscript to print session it was interesting how the obviously messy, hybrid current reality was assumed to lead to an orderly future transition. Perhaps an older imposition of “primary” and “secondary” sources also contaminates precepts of monographic print repository. Art historians, for example, regard their secondary print collections as primary sources and 19th century researchers are finding general collections copies with period annotations. Still lacking in the monographic repository discussion is better definition of the continuing role of print copies in a context of their screen delivery. To put it another way; are inherent complementary affordances of print and screen at work and why have library media diversified to begin with?

standard storage

The nine webinar sessions on sustainable storage environment at IPI got off to a good start. I really enjoyed the return to the research of the UK conservation scientists. For some reason I did meet Tim Padfield on the topic of case design. He gave us some surprising advice. This was to forget about maintaining desiccant gels. In stead he said just charge the case plinth with stacked, end grain strips of museum mat board to provide a PASSIVE cellulosic sink.

Tim was really saying that seasonal storage conditions DRIFT and preservation work should focus on buffering sudden spikes as when an exhibit opening occurs on a rainy evening. Jim Reilly was also stating the obvious that the storage condition target can and should drift seasonally. Jim also added the fundamental of independent preservation monitoring of ambient air. This monitoring is not for enforcing conditioned air supplied as a STORAGE POLICE, but to establish BASELINES of storage zone performance.

Baselines of storage zone performance can be recognized over seasonal change and across annual reports. But the baseline is not just a line. Consider that humid or dry summer air or humid or dry winter air, each at a conditioned temperature, is brought into the building (Iowa) and HVAC processed by laboring equipment to provide a consistent indoor temperature. This is only achieved by drifting the indoor relative humidity; dryer in winter, damper in summer. This baseline performance prompts drifting moisture content response in collection commodities. The drifting moisture content in the collection commodity type is another baseline.

So it is easy to see why practice is (drifting!) moving away from simple targets!
We are actually doing baseline research and we are overlaying various lines of outdoor, HVAC, indoor, and collection commodity performance. Only after these environments are profiled together can we come up with an environmental standard or begin to enforce storage wide conditions.

13/14

2013 begins the 14th year of postings here at FotB. Thanks to Craig Jensen who secured my futureofthebook.com domain…way back. It may be useful to review my own sense of the passing parade, not just including the rise and fall of the dedicated screen book, but also trends such as MOOCs….

Books are an invisible part of information in the universe but a bigger part of a smaller context. This smaller context is the world of higher education where books are transactional units. MOOCs are also transactional units in this context. What is the relation between BOOK and MOOC transactions? They sound the same. Maybe they are fungible. Are moocs books, are books moocs? Stay tuned in 13′…

spy vs. spy

“With an eye toward writing a “first draft of history,” Thrush and Martin report on the intense internal debates over ad strategy that defined the parameters of the fall campaign…”

End of the Line is the fourth POLITICO Playbook 2012, whatever that means. These publications are released to screen devices. End of the Line reads as a newscast script with ambient voice-over. Intended for screen book distribution, acting like an Amazon Single, and published by a blog, this jumpy, easy read suggests another future of the book.

We purchased copies on both the PaperWhite Kindle and SimpleTouch nook. Differences in device environments made one copy feel like reading at the mall and another like reading at a bookstore display. Navigations are equivalent and the visuals are only distinguished side by side. Can the screen version evoke a print rendition?

changing practice

The ITHAKA S+R surveys chart progressions forward as if they must also imply progressions away from “older” methods. Such skew will not quickly recognize forward progressions of the older methods even as faculty responses document such. In a recent survey on research practices of historians just such a distortion was apparent in recommendations that departed from balanced interpretation of evidence.

Considering the ITHAKA S+R conclusions there is disregard of the hybrid, complex, cross media, composite methodological nature of historical research. This is an overt, very immediate circumstance of practice. In this context the ITHAKA S+R study disregards evidence of recurrent, new strengths and resiliencies of older, non-digital, research methods. Such bias would imply that a “turn” toward orality in slam and rap poetry or a turn toward manuscript culture in blog and crowd authoring have little implication for historical research. Again, a wider contextualization of the S+R findings suggests that (secondary source) library support is less strategic than (primary source) archival support services. Historians themselves more highly regard the strategic role of books.

unpopular

In a book-centric discussion of the role of libraries, public and academic, it is useful to mention un-popular books. Publishers and authors need revenue buffers for popular titles and library circulation constraints are helpful there.

But most books in library collections are less than wildly popular. In-fact un-popular and more specialized books predominate. Maintaining those collections of low circulation titles is an important service not just to library patrons but also to publishers and authors. Public and research libraries are bookstores for these sleepers and the libraries absorb the overhead of reference and bibliographic utility services required to encourage this customer base. Publishers and authors and associated production economies need only await recognition and sales, both print and screen, that un-popular book research provokes.

Advocacy for public library services is expertly presented by David Rothman, founder of TeleRead. Check out his current contribution.

dedicated reader

My collection of e-ink book readers is completed with the Kindle Paper White and Barnes & Noble Simple Touch. These should be the last dedicated, black and white electrophor devices. I also have the first Kindle and nook and some of the other e-ink e-books. Their obsolescence has been as much provoked by the advances of digital color printing as by any supersession of LCD phosphor devices.

They did transition somewhat to touch navigation and toyed with type size but otherwise the e-ink devices attempted only plain mimicry of their print exemplar. As straight reformats they provide daylight display without scratches. They are a comforting simulation for paper book readers but a failure as a shopping device. They cannot provide the mobile connectivity, news tiling, or comic book display that the hand-held reading future requires. They end as they began; wonderful little electric books.

worry

Another indication of shifting materialist attentions, from the paper book to those of the screen book, is displacement of the previous focus on image (derived from printing) to current concern over surface (derived from paper) and commodity (derived from bookbinding). With the advent of the screen book the shift is apparent by our annoyance with the finger smears on the glass screen. A motivation to clean-away evidence of use entangles with a new-found lament over a transience of image. Another anxiety has surfaced as well. This is a fear of breaking the glass screen. Here the slightest accident ends both the image and the commodity. Dropping paper was never even a worry.

cross overs

An overlap between literary studies and book studies is filled with meaning for future of the book fans. To begin with narrations of interdependence (of media) and displacement (of self) that figure into book projections also emerge in interplay of historical book studies and critical literary studies. There is also difference of influence transacted in the overlap since literary studies can imagine book studies as a sub-group, and book studies can pose as the curator of commodities of literary criticism.

To begin with future of the book fans must cross the bridge one way toward literary studies. Many adventures are on the other side. Literary critics have been pioneers of book projection as well as wider projections of culture transmission and displacements. Long ago Walter Benjamin interpreted media such as the book, telephone, and photography offering accurate futurist projections as a side product of literary implications. Current works by Henry Sussman (Around the Book), Andrew Piper (Book Was There), Katherine Hayles, (How We Think) spin-off from works of literary criticism their own crucial futurist projections of the destiny of the book. If scholars discount technological determinism and even derive from the flow of literary works displacements of cognitive determinants, they do not disregard deterministic influence of books.

Crossing the bridge the other way from literary studies to book studies are agencies such as the Modern Language Association and the Society for the History of Readership, Authorship and Publishing. The MLA has shifted scholarly publishing of literary criticism to include studies of book transmission and the SHARP has shifted book studies forward into the e-book territory where new invigorations of literary studies will emerge.

evidence of use

These smears are haptic tracks. They navigated something, somewhere but are now meaningless enough to be an annoyance. No verge, paw or cam, these prompts were without sound or material linkage. If the glass is cleaned it will only prompt re-cleaning. It is not clear what kind of reading was done.

resilience

“…the capacity of a system, enterprise, or a person to maintain its core purpose and integrity in the face of dramatically changed circumstances.” Andrew Zolli, Resilience, Why Things Bounce Back, 2012.

We can consider the strange persistence of the system of book transmission. Here the topic of systemic resilience is at work. Currently resilience is replacing sustainability as a more prescriptive and dynamic systemic management precept and resilience rather than sustainability better explains the persistence of book transmission across time and cultures. Of particular interest now is the assimilation of screen and print formats within a cohesive book transmission system. If a correlate of resilience is at work it will be resilience itself that will enable book transmission to persist as books themselves change.

New York Times (12.18.12) reports that independent books stores are continuing to thrive. Could it be that this retail sector is buffered by the resilience of the book transmission enterprise? Books are the longest running global product.

if you missed it

Everyone assumes that content overwhelms all other displacements provoked by the book but this is not the whole story. How books work? …The book is a mechanism for making concepts real. It is a convenient, portable and readable mechanism built on familiarities of use. (more)

can co-exist

TeachingDegree dot org has a great graphic.

repository

MLA 2013, Friday January 4, “How Many Copies is Enough? Too Many? : Libraries and Shared Monograph Archives” This session will discuss cooperative repositories for print monographs that are deemed redundant in a context of their screen access. The Modern Language Association may wish to consider the continuing role of print monographs held in such “last copy” repositories. Functions such as back-up, re-mastering, and authentication of on-line copies may be discussed.

Other attendant developments, perhaps with echoes from the micro-filming era, may also emerge. We will certainly discover these as the course of screen access is fulfilled and the physical collections withdrawn. Some odd possibilities include continued growth of print monographs as a direct result of digital research. Another is the paper wiki phenomena of print compendia of crowd sourced origins.

Perhaps the most consequential activity can only emerge once the apparent redundancy of print and screen monographic titles is actually tested in research. Here any interaction and interdependence of print and screen affordances can emerge to extend study of a given title or genre. So re-evaluation of both formats may begin only after, not if, print repositories are established and a composite book transmission is later established in practice. There may be no future in continued debate of comparative attributes of print and screen if they are destined to merge into a third transmission system.

quirky qwerty

“People filter language through their fingers. In a study published in the Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, Kyle Jasmin and Daniel Casasanto asked people to rate real words, fictitious words and neologisms. Words composed of letters on the right side of the QWERTY keyboard were viewed more positively than words composed of letters from the left side.” David Brooks, NYT

The alphabetic skew may be language driven. All the useful letters are on the top left of the Linotype array and these are keyed using both hands. This more ambidextrous array can be contrasted with the more bipolar handed qwerty.

Layered within the study is another implication. Is there a tether between language and haptic navigation? Here the system of encoding of manual dexterity with language display becomes a factor. And here the verge, paw, and cam comes into play; we prompt something that is not a letter. Just such displacement is at the heart of communication. The attenuation can be foreshortened or elaborated but it must be transacted and our mind knows this.

Now haptic navigation sounds like more than a slogan! Haptic navigation is the transactional skill of managing extra-somatic displacements during communication.

cbaa

“teaching historic book structures: how and why? Gary Frost, Conservator Emeritus, University of Iowa Libraries. Bridget Elmer, Proprietor, Flatbed Splendor & Instructor, Asheville BookWorks. This discussion group will focus on the how and why of teaching historic book structures. Topics will include differences in graduate vs. undergraduate curricula, differences in liberal arts vs. specific book arts programs, and how professors have incorporated objects (models and/or historic works) into their teaching.”Saturday, 5th, 3:30, New Haven

For a general tutorial on material qualities I use a trilogy of image derived from printing, surface derived from papermaking and commodity derived from bookbinding. This teaching plan works for both paper and screen books.

With the physical book printing has been somewhat privileged as a component. Perhaps printing is viewed as an “agent of change” in paper book transmission because it is more easily associated with words and content. In such discussion the role paper as the substrate for printing can be reduced. But when you look at the separate origins and separated practices of each craft of printing and papermaking the full credit for advancing the print publication must acknowledge the crucial merge and interdependence that was prerequisite.

When it comes to book transmission the role of commodity also needs emphasis. Traditionally the bookbinder converted printed sheets into a useful product. Strangely this third component of the commoditized book is now more apparent with electronic devices. With nooks, Kindles and iPads commodification gets the attention. Perhaps the print book is most associated with imaging because its content transmission is so persistent while the screen book is more associated with device commodity because that materiality persists as content display changes.

Anyway, I use this trilogy template of image, substrate, and commodity and emphasize on my own specialty of book formats and book commodities. For codex books I use a flexible system of eight to ten historical prototype structures with four different cover-to-text attachment types. In addition my teaching method emphasizes manual demonstration and student manipulation of bookbinding models. We maintain an extensive teaching library of historical bookbinding models.

a moment in book history

The book now spans both print and screen formats. This circumstance of mixed delivery options reveals a surprisingly complementary and interdependent relation of affordances and a third stance going forward. Enclaves of library preservation, academic book studies, and studio book arts are moving beyond contentions or “tipping points” to a fulcrum position of interaction between print and screen books. Other, wider sectors of publishers, educators, authors and information technologists are also assembling a composite stance.

Trivialities are everywhere. Many projections of the future of the book just toy with distinctions between the print and screen book. Print book advocates always mention smell and feel of real books. E-book fans, on the other hand, always mention a good story or the importance of disembodied content in the cloud. Each accentuates presumptive attributes of their own display format. Screen book advocates consider print book advocates misguided and regressive. The e-book projection is always explosive growth and magical convenience. Paper book advocates grasp at material qualities.

What if lively interaction between screen and print is, itself, the future of the book? So far this has been true! Both screen connectivity and print insularity combine to resolve conflicting agendas either to maintain bibliographic entities or to dissolve them. Print attributes of fixity, mechanical navigation, and persistent re-access across time all pair nicely with screen attributes of live content, automated search, cloud repository and electronic delivery. The self-authenticating nature of the print book is a complement of the self-indexing nature of the screen book.

Screen books and paper books define each other even as they diverge in distinctive genres, navigation haptics, display devices, and connectivities. Even the distinctions harbor an eerie interplay. We should look, objectively, exactly between the print and screen book to reveal their interdependence for the future of book transmission.

Perhaps we should be teaching about the future of the book. The topic is popular for seminars, conferences, publications and research. There is relevance for study habits and academic connectivity while uncertainty of scholarly transmission motivates interest of specialists. Imagine if previous moments of momentous media transitions had received attentive observation.

convenient experience

What is a Book? A book is a convenient experience. It provides the same displacements or surprises of experiences but it is just smaller and handier. Accepting that we can define books further.

The book experience can be material or not, analog or digital, screen or print display, but that salient convenience will be a distinguishing quality. In general we can assimilate convenience, such as the use of a phone, without much anxiety or examination, but that is, more or less, the point. We assimilate the convenience of the book without much hesitation.

The convenience of the book is huge. It distills many experiences, encodes them to textual and visual languages, arrays this content for ease of legibility and access and packages the whole for travel. Another huge convenience is the ease of assembly of these packages together into libraries and the very useful suggestion of other latent books in between those assembled. An additional amazing convenience of a book package is its production, distribution and delivery service that is efficient across time and cultures. It is conveniently packaged within its own transmission system.

five disciplines

The book studies academics are politicians, nurturing their demography. The technologists are so busy that they can’t see what they are influencing. The cognitive scientists actually know what is going on but are disregarded. The librarians are keeping up in a traffic circle without tangents. The book artists know no bounds. In the mist of this churn it can be difficult to realize a more comprehensive system of book transmission emerging around us. Everyone needs to sit down and have a communal moment.

The five disciplines considered can converge to study the near future of the book. One tactic would be compilation of the various ambiguities and anxieties of each (see Books to Be bibliographic portal). A “discipline of the disciplines” could be crafted by a panel of representatives from each enclave. This exposition can act as a physique or anatomy of the whole range of stake-holders.

A consortium perspective will span the various specializations. Distortions and mandates will be moderated and each practitioner is challenged to use the methods and metrics of all the enclaves. Such an exercise will better mirror the comprehensive role of the book itself.

So, perhaps, we must consider the book’s ability to shadow human cultures and literally to cast that shadow. Books then become a timeless curiosity with origins in the advents of language and writing and persisting with any progression of symbolic technologies and artistic expression. Another layer of continuing book role is demonstrated wherever an intersection, interplay and interdependence of print and screen book affordances are at work. From this vantage the boundaries of past, present enlace and the future of the book evokes a timeless circle.

Risk remains. Projection, and then commitment, to a continuing role of the print book in a context of its screen display, is an unprecedented action. Yet that risk itself may configure well among many others previously associated with advocacy of books. No guessing is needed to realize that this is a decisive issue at the moment.

displacement

Slate picked up some Andrew Piper exposition on the somatic nature of book reading and distinctions of reading from paper or screen. Such thoughtful reflections on the agency of the book always verge on the threshold of an explanation regarding kinetic dependence of comprehension and “grasping” the concept.

One clue to crossing the threshold is the continuity of our perceptions as displaced by the book. We can perceive that our mood of the moment and the natural meander of the mind are interrupted by the book. A strategic displacement occurs; a transgression of time and culture or just a jolting deviation from the stream of somatic existence. This is the provocation noted by advocates of both print and screen books. When some one mentions the “smell and feel” or a “good story” they are reporting a displacement that all books provoke, regardless of format.

But where is the value? How is this extra-somatic displacement of the book useful? Turns out that the experience of the displacement extends reality, trains the meandering mind and exercises the senses. The product is acuity and insight.

The value of the experience is wonderfully illustrated in the interviews of Umberto Eco and Jean-Claude Carrière in This is not the end of the book;, 2012. Among the insights is Eco’s fascination with books that themselves are displaced by other books; books of convincing falsehoods. Scholars discredit technological determinism but not determinism of books.

kdp

“Here’s how it works: If a KDP author or publisher enrolls any of their books in KDP Select, which may be done in 90-day increments during which their books must be exclusive to the Kindle Store, those books are eligible to be included in the Kindle Owners’ Lending Library. They can then earn a share of the global fund every time their book is borrowed, and borrows from the lending library count toward a book’s sales rank on Amazon.”

The Kindle Direct Publishing program pays authors to lend their books for free. This provides a new publishing frontier that distributes the production to the author while preserving an exclusivity of distribution. And that is not to mention the screen format. The authors can hope to become famous and rich.

The march of evolution (above) begins and ends with the tablet.

impressions

The University of Iowa Press announces a new monograph series dedicated to book studies.

For contact information and more details, click on
http://www.uiowapress.org/search/browse-series/index.html

This series will advance the continuity across tangents of book art, book studies and book production. The disciplinary relationships may have a noetic or inherent interdependence not yet described and partitions that are unneeded.

The role of book production and attentive “…writing that carefully appreciates the active ways in which a maker’s choices remake culture.” will, itself, be appreciated if new ecologies of publishing and new technologies of printing, paper making and book binding are to be situated in the near future of book studies and book arts. As well imaging, device display and the book commoditized must accommodate screen editions.

Also useful to the Impressions series agenda will be the role of the Libraries. Curation and bibliographic management of the immensity of resources will be needed. Within the Libraries the Preservation department can also bring perspective to the legacy of media displacements (microfilming was the analogue version of e-books). Finally, the matter of communication concerning “books on books” needs a place to be.

comfort zones

A discipline-based approach to the future of the book need not leave a comfort zone…and still provide a universe for research. Academic interest need not leave book studies, print on demand technologists and e-book venders need not leave their enclave, and those in cognitive sciences at work on reading behaviors and text cognition can work in their specialty zone. Librarians can attend to their changing collections and services and book artists can project aesthetic interpretation.

All these disciplines can work in their home disciplines and yet not encompass or evaluate the destiny of the book in the near future. The Universe of the future of the book will require cross-discipline observation and examination of the various stances of the specialist enclaves as they influence each other.

dead

Screen book advocates should not be too quick to promote ecological advantages of hand-held reading devices. These disposable products of organic solvent dependent industry have poisoned workers and poisoned water tables with discarded metals, plastics, and battery carcinogens.

Meanwhile the paper industry has closed its water-based mill streams, advanced recycle material networks and planted two trees for everyone used. From the end user perspective paper books also have ecological advantage as they are not energy dependent, are not prone to obsolescence every few years and are not victimized by on-line ads for unsustainable consumption.

the re’s

What is the is of the allographic/autographic, or copy and source, relationship? Is there a third, unnamed, quality? What can be said about other dichotomies such as analog/digital or print/screen or artifact and electronic simulation? Is there a third quality emergent from such intersections? Perhaps such a third quality must be inherently nameless to avoid observational skew derived from binary cognition, but we should concede that the question is real enough. Will patrimony be obliterated or sequestered or preserved and refolded into the life of research? All these questions provoke us.

Photography once posed a surprising novelty as latent and transient configurations of light were recorded. The recording did mimic a bionic transaction of eye and mind but the extra-soma process left some evidences that differed from bionic memories. Historical photographs continue to cascade such displacements. It doesn’t much matter if the photo technology is digital or analog; the displacements over-lay each other in a near re-enactment of the dynamic of latent and transient configurations of light from which they derived and now echo.

The strangeness or surprise of a historical photograph is not exceptional. Many counter-intuitions, transgressions and displacements characterize science and arts. These anomalies, departing from direct perceptions of our senses, extend across human history right up to the present moment. In fact the most challenging surprises, say those of the Mars rover Curiosity, happen everyday.

Just such displacements, in time and meaning, offer a clue to a nature of patrimony. Also suggestive are the transactional or encoding handoffs needed to render research interpretation. Preservation action supports these experiences of displacement, not simply by stabilizing objects, but by confirming transactions of displacement using self-authenticating methods.

Beyond and outside our senses an extra-soma processing is needed and that involves confirming conceptual re-negotiations. And so we encounter recording and an accumulation of the “re-s”. Re-s of renewal, reinterpretation and re-innovation emerge. Re-cording is a process that produces patrimony and an enlivened patrimony takes on a life of its own. Acquiescence, default, and disregard always face resolutions of destruction or preservation. Climate change, culture change, and shifting media of communication will happen. Preservation lends context by reinforcing the re’s.

do mod

This Craig Mod talk is worth it. You will not find a finer exposition of the shape of things to come. And the Welsh version of PBI sounds great!

alley craft

Stop in from the beer be-soaked alley to a sequester of elegance. Be there AND be square!